Strategies for Positive Coping #1: Problem-Focused Coping

Positive Coping

Researchers have identified categories of strategies that are called “positive coping”(1) – meaning they use positive emotions as part of getting through difficult times. Some of these strategies include problem-focused coping, planning positive emotion, and infusing positive meaning in daily life.

Problem-Focused Coping. Sometimes, life presents us with problems we can solve. Failing a class, for example, may be remedied by improving study habits and retaking a final. Other times, however, we encounter situations that are too big, too complex, or otherwise impossible to solve. In these times, we can still turn to problem-focused coping by letting go of goals that are no longer controllable and refocusing on smaller, solvable tasks within the unsolvable issue. Problem-focused coping, as opposed to emotion-focused coping, includes thoughts and behaviors that target sources of stress through controllable tasks. In a research study of individuals caring for a terminally-ill partner, completing small daily tasks such as cooking dinner or picking up medicine helped caregivers feel less helplessness and a greater sense of control.

It can be helpful to break tasks into much smaller pieces. Think, what do I need to do? What is the first thing I need to do? What is the first step for the first thing I need to do? Then remember to celebrate your small achievements and respond to yourself with compassion when things are challenging; even small things may be more difficult than usual right now.

Primary Reference: Folkman, S., & Moskowitz, J. T. (2000). Positive affect and the other side of coping. American psychologist, 55(6), 647.